随着深入学习更加标签的目标,越来越多的论文已经研究了深度模型的主动学习(AL)。然而,普遍存在的实验设置中存在许多问题,主要源于缺乏统一的实施和基准。当前文献中的问题包括有时对不同AL算法的性能的矛盾观察,意外排除重要的概括方法,如数据增强和SGD进行优化,缺乏对al的标签效率等评价方面的研究,并且很少或没有在Al优于随机采样(RS)的情况下的清晰度。在这项工作中,我们通过我们的新开源AL Toolkit Distil在图像分类的背景下统一重新实现了最先进的AL算法,我们仔细研究了这些问题作为有效评估的方面。在积极的方面,我们表明AL技术为2美元至4倍以上$ 4 \倍。与使用数据增强相比,与卢比相比,高效。令人惊讶的是,当包括数据增强时,在使用徽章,最先进的方法,在简单的不确定性采样中不再存在一致的增益。然后,我们仔细分析现有方法如何具有不同数量的冗余和每个类的示例。最后,我们为AL从业者提供了几次见解,以考虑在将来的工作中考虑,例如Al批量大小的效果,初始化的效果,在每一轮中再培训模型的重要性以及其他见解。
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Consider a scenario in one-shot query-guided object localization where neither an image of the object nor the object category name is available as a query. In such a scenario, a hand-drawn sketch of the object could be a choice for a query. However, hand-drawn crude sketches alone, when used as queries, might be ambiguous for object localization, e.g., a sketch of a laptop could be confused for a sofa. On the other hand, a linguistic definition of the category, e.g., a small portable computer small enough to use in your lap" along with the sketch query, gives better visual and semantic cues for object localization. In this work, we present a multimodal query-guided object localization approach under the challenging open-set setting. In particular, we use queries from two modalities, namely, hand-drawn sketch and description of the object (also known as gloss), to perform object localization. Multimodal query-guided object localization is a challenging task, especially when a large domain gap exists between the queries and the natural images, as well as due to the challenge of combining the complementary and minimal information present across the queries. For example, hand-drawn crude sketches contain abstract shape information of an object, while the text descriptions often capture partial semantic information about a given object category. To address the aforementioned challenges, we present a novel cross-modal attention scheme that guides the region proposal network to generate object proposals relevant to the input queries and a novel orthogonal projection-based proposal scoring technique that scores each proposal with respect to the queries, thereby yielding the final localization results. ...
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Interpretability is a pressing issue for machine learning. Common approaches to interpretable machine learning constrain interactions between features of the input, rendering the effects of those features on a model's output comprehensible but at the expense of model complexity. We approach interpretability from a new angle: constrain the information about the features without restricting the complexity of the model. Borrowing from information theory, we use the Distributed Information Bottleneck to find optimal compressions of each feature that maximally preserve information about the output. The learned information allocation, by feature and by feature value, provides rich opportunities for interpretation, particularly in problems with many features and complex feature interactions. The central object of analysis is not a single trained model, but rather a spectrum of models serving as approximations that leverage variable amounts of information about the inputs. Information is allocated to features by their relevance to the output, thereby solving the problem of feature selection by constructing a learned continuum of feature inclusion-to-exclusion. The optimal compression of each feature -- at every stage of approximation -- allows fine-grained inspection of the distinctions among feature values that are most impactful for prediction. We develop a framework for extracting insight from the spectrum of approximate models and demonstrate its utility on a range of tabular datasets.
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We present SLATE, a sequence labeling approach for extracting tasks from free-form content such as digitally handwritten (or "inked") notes on a virtual whiteboard. Our approach allows us to create a single, low-latency model to simultaneously perform sentence segmentation and classification of these sentences into task/non-task sentences. SLATE greatly outperforms a baseline two-model (sentence segmentation followed by classification model) approach, achieving a task F1 score of 84.4\%, a sentence segmentation (boundary similarity) score of 88.4% and three times lower latency compared to the baseline. Furthermore, we provide insights into tackling challenges of performing NLP on the inking domain. We release both our code and dataset for this novel task.
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机器学习(ML)算法在帮助不同学科和机构的科学社区解决大型和多样化的数据问题方面表现出了增长的趋势。但是,许多可用的ML工具在编程方面要求且计算成本高昂。 MlexChange项目旨在建立一个配备有能力工具的协作平台,该平台使科学家和设施使用者没有深刻的ML背景来使用ML和计算资源进行科学发现。在高水平上,我们针对完整的用户体验,在该体验中,可以通过Web应用程序可以轻松获得管理和交换ML算法,工作流和数据。到目前为止,我们已经构建了四个主要组件,即中央职位管理器,集中式内容注册表,用户门户和搜索引擎,并成功地将这些组件部署到了测试服务器上。由于每个组件都是一个独立的容器,因此可以轻松地在不同尺度的服务器上部署整个平台或其个人服务,从笔记本电脑(通常是单个用户)到高性能群集(HPC)(同时)通过许多用户。因此,MlexChange使用方案使灵活性变得灵活 - 用户可以从远程服务器访问服务和资源,也可以在其本地网络中运行整个平台或其个人服务。
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变压器模型的缩放属性引起了很多兴趣。但是,在研究不同电感偏差和模型体系结构的缩放特性的效果的前提下,没有做太多事情。模型体系结构的规模不同吗?如果是这样,归纳偏置如何影响缩放行为?这如何影响上游(预训练)和下游(转移)?本文对十种不同模型体系结构的缩放行为进行了系统研究,例如变压器,交换机变压器,通用变压器,动态卷积,表演者以及最近提出的MLP混合物。通过广泛的实验,我们表明(1)架构在执行缩放时确实是一个重要的考虑因素,并且(2)最佳性能模型可以在不同的尺度上波动。我们认为,这项工作中概述的发现对当前在社区中评估模型架构的方式具有重要意义。
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我们介绍了Art,这是一种新的语料库级自动编码方法,用于培训密集检索模型,不需要任何标记的培训数据。密集的检索是开放域任务(例如Open QA)的核心挑战,在该任务中,最先进的方法通常需要大量的监督数据集,并具有自定义的硬性采矿和肯定式示例。相反,艺术品仅需要访问未配对的投入和输出(例如问题和潜在的答案文件)。它使用新的文档 - 重新定义自动编码方案,其中(1)输入问题用于检索一组证据文档,并且(2)随后使用文档来计算重建原始问题的概率。基于问题重建的检索培训可以有效地学习文档和问题编码器,以后可以将其纳入完整的QA系统中,而无需任何进一步的填充。广泛的实验表明,ART在多个QA检索基准测试基准上获得最先进的结果,并且仅来自预训练的语言模型的一般初始化,从而消除了对标记的数据和特定于任务的损失的需求。
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由于缺乏对AI模型的安全性和鲁棒性的信任,近年来,深度学习模型(尤其是针对安全至关重要的系统)中的对抗性攻击正在越来越受到关注。然而,更原始的对抗性攻击可能是身体上不可行的,或者需要一些难以访问的资源,例如训练数据,这激发了斑块攻击的出现。在这项调查中,我们提供了全面的概述,以涵盖现有的对抗贴片攻击技术,旨在帮助感兴趣的研究人员迅速赶上该领域的进展。我们还讨论了针对对抗贴片的检测和防御措施的现有技术,旨在帮助社区更好地了解该领域及其在现实世界中的应用。
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扩展语言模型已被证明可以预测提高各种下游任务的性能和样本效率。相反,本文讨论了一种不可预测的现象,我们将其称为大语言模型的新兴能力。如果在较小的模型中不存在,而是在较大的模型中存在,那么我们认为它可以突然出现。因此,不仅可以通过推断较小模型的性能来预测紧急能力。这种出现的存在意味着额外的扩展可以进一步扩大语言模型的能力范围。
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在本文中,我们分享了我们努力建立能够翻译一千多种语言的实用机器翻译(MT)系统的发现。我们在三个研究领域中描述了结果:(i)通过利用半监督预训练的语言识别和开发数据驱动的过滤技术来构建1500多种语言的清洁,网挖数据集; (ii)通过利用大规模的多语言模型来开发用于服务不足的语言的实用MT模型,该模型训练了有监督的并行数据,以使用100多种高资源语言和单语言数据集,以增加1000多种语言; (iii)研究这些语言的评估指标的局限性,并对我们MT模型的输出进行定性分析,突出显示了这些类型模型的几种频繁误差模式。我们希望我们的工作为旨在为当前研究的语言构建MT系统的从业者提供有用的见解,并突出显示可以补充Data-Sparse设置中大量多语言模型的弱点的研究方向。
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